Recidivism rates are based on the number of people convicted of that particular crime and after they get out of prison are re-arrested for that same crime. From the DOJ site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/rpr94.htmQUOTE
Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994
Reports on the rearrest, reconviction, and reincarceration of former inmates who were tracked for 3 years after their release from prisons in 15 States in 1994. The former inmates represent two-thirds of all prisoners released in the United States that year. The report includes prisoner demographic characteristics (gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age), criminal record, types of offenses for which they were imprisoned, the effects of length of stay in prison on likelihood of rearrest, and comparisons with a study of prisoners released in 1983.
Highlights include the following:
Released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%).
Within 3 years, 2.5% of released rapists were arrested for another rape, and 1.2% of those who had served time for homicide were arrested for homicide.
The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had accumulated 4.1 million arrest charges before their most recent imprisonment and another 744,000 charges within 3 years of release.
These are old numbers, so I'm sure there's been some change in the last decade.
As for your question about why people who were abused as children can, and sometimes do, abuse their own children (or children close to them), unfortunately it's often a matter of they don't know any better. It sounds like a cop-out, I know, but think about it this way, if you were raised to think that the color red was called purple, how could anyone convince you otherwise without a lot of patience and retraining?
Abuse isn't a one-time deal either. It's usually an ongoing activity that slowly erodes the person's self-esteem and ability to know right from wrong in certain situations. If a little girl's father says, "I love you, this is how people show they love each other" as he molests her, she's not going to think it's wrong because daddy loves her and wouldn't hurt her, right? Children can be conditioned to believe that hugs and slugs are "normal" parts of their life if they live with an abuser. So when they grow up, in spite of all the news reports and discussions in classrooms and boardrooms, they don't think it's wrong to do the same that they were taught.
http://www.lisadunningmft.com/child_abuse_cycle.htmQUOTE
Why do those who suffer from child abuse become abusers themselves?
Unfortunately they learned how to deal with their anger and frustration through violence. Many children, who are victims of child abuse, learn to be aggressive and violent to others. They often have low self esteem and become involved in relationships where there is domestic violence. Studies have revealed that many inmates in prison have been victims of child abuse. As children they learned how to deal with their problems through violence. As adults that violence was perpetrated on other innocent victims.
If we know that children of abusers become future child abusers, then it obviously follows that many parents who abuse their children were victims of child abuse themselves. I am not trying to excuse abusive behavior, but knowing that an abuser today typically had been abused as a child does help abusers realize that they need to take the necessary steps to educate themselves about child abuse so they can end the cycle of abuse with their children.
Victims of child abuse need counseling and parenting education to help break the cycle. By providing parenting education many of these parents will learn new and more appropriate parenting skills. Counseling will also enable victims to heal from the emotional pain they suffered.
I hope this helps.